In most cases you will need to have fresh mushrooms in front of you in order to be successful-preferably, specimens representing young and mature mushrooms. There are a great many species of boletes, and identifying them ranges from relatively easy to profoundly difficult. Some boletes are very picky about their mycorrhizal partners, while others seem to be able to associate only with groups of related trees-and still others may be able to associate with very diverse trees (although we may discover, as molecular study of the boletes evolves, that this last group is not nearly as big as we once thought). With very few exceptions, boletes are mycorrhizal partners with trees, and can be found in forest and urban ecosystems across our continent, wherever ectomycorrhizal trees are present. The tubes are so tightly packed that, from below, one sees only a pore surface composed of the openings of the tubes, looking rather like the surface of a sponge. Their caps look like the caps of the gilled mushrooms (a group that decided to hang seeds from sheets of cardboard, instead)-but, on the underside of the cap, there are tubes instead of gills. Somewhere along the long line of natural history, the boletes decided that this would be the most successful way to survive. Suspend all the tubes from a board, so they hang downward-then wait for the seeds fall out. Then repeat the procedure with many other tubes, and glue them together. Imagine taking the cardboard tube from a roll of paper towels, and affixing a lot of seeds to the inside of the tube. The Boletes (MushroomExpert.Com) Major Groups > Boletes
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